ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE GRAIN RESIDUE IN BROILER DIETS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN NIGERIA
Keywords:
maize, grain, residue, haematological, economic, broilerAbstract
A six-week experiment was carried out to determine the haematological and serum biochemical indices and cost effectiveness of broiler chicken fed maize grain residue (pap sievette). A total of 150 broiler chickens were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly assigned to five (5) dietary treatments in groups of 30, with each treatment consisting of three replicates of 10 chickens each. Maize grain residue (MGR) replaced maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels in Diets 1 (Control), 2, 3, 4 and 5. The experimental diets were fed ad-libitum throughout the experimental period. For haematological values, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences among treatments for haemoglobin, white blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, monocytes and basophils, except the packed cell volume, red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, eosinophils and lymphocytes. Serum biochemical values of total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, creatinine and phosphorus were not significantly (P>0.05) different while globulin, urea and calcium values recorded significant (P<0.05) difference among treatments. Urea and calcium values in the 75% MGR and 100% MGR were significantly (P<0.05) different from T1 (0% MGR) and T3 (75% MGR). The economic analysis showed that T5 (100% MGR) has the lowest values of feed cost/kg weight gain of N129.71/kg and highest percentage reduction in cost/kg weight gain of 17.11% with an incremental reduction in cost as the amount of residue increases. Based on these, maize grain residue (MGR) could replace maize in broiler chicken diets without adverse effect on performance. However, further studies should cover laying hens and the need for proper drying of maize grain residue to prevent fungal infection and the development of offensive fermentative odour.
References
Abeke, F.O., Ogundipe, S.O., Sekoni, A.A., Adeyinka, I.A., Abubakar, B.Y., Oni, O.O., Nwagu, B.I. (2003): Response of laying hens to dietary levels of heat treated sheep manure (HSM). – Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 6(2): 111-116.
Alaku, O., Moruppa, S.M. (1983): Body and carcass weight losses in goats during the advanced periods of the west African sahelian dry seasons. – World Review of Animal Production 19(2): 49-54.
Alikwe, P.C.N. (2012): Effects of partial replacement of groundnut cake with full fat soya on indigenous grower chicks. – Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR) 12(2): 158-162.
Alikwe, P.C.N., Akinsoyinu, A.O., Babatunde, B.B., Ogunwole, O.A. (2005): The Replacement Value of Rumen Epithelial Scrapping Meal (RESM) for Fish Meal in the Diets of Broilers. – Tropical Animal Science Journal 8(1): 69-73.
Anon, J. (1980): Guide to the care and use of experimental animals. – Canadian Council of Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 5p.
Atteh, J.O. (2004): Theory and practice of poultry production. – Adlek Printers 64: 2-4.
Balasch, J., Palacios, L., Musquera, S., Palomeque, J., Jimenez, M., Alemany, M. (1973): Comparative hematological values of several galliformes. – Poultry Science 52(4): 1531-1534.
Birt, D.F., Schuldt, G.H. (1982): Effects of the source and level of protein fed to Syrian hamsters on growth, protein utilization, and selected blood proteins. Laboratory Animal Science 32(4): 357-362.
Bush, B.M. (1975): Veterinary Laboratory Manual. – William Heinemann, London 447p.
Dana, N., Van der Waaij, L.H., Dessie, T., Van Arendonk, J.A. (2010): Production objectives and trait preferences of village poultry producers of Ethiopia: implications for designing breeding schemes utilizing indigenous chicken genetic resources. – Tropical Animal Health and Production 42(7): 1519-1529.
Duncan, D.B. (1955): Multiple Range and Multiple F-test. – Biometrics 11: 1-42.
Durunna, C.S., Udedibie, A.B.I., Anyanwu, G.A. (1999): Combination of maize/sorghum dried brewers’ grain, cocoyam cob and cassava tuber meal as substitute for maize in the diets of laying hens. – J. Agric. Biotechnol. Environ 2: 1-7.
Eggum, B.O. (1970): Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessing protein quality. – British Journal of Nutrition 24(4): 983-988.
Fanimo, A.O., Adebayo, A.J., Oduguwa, O.O., Biobaku, W.O. (2007): Feeding value of cashewnut testa for broiler chickens. – Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34(1): 83-93.
Ikeme, A.I. (1990): Meat Science and Technology. – Africans FEP Publishers, Ibadan 5p.
Kwari, I.D., Ubosi, C.O. (1991): Comparison of three housing systems for growing broiler chickens in hot dry climate 2: Effect of ambient temperature on blood components. – Journal of Agricultural Science Technology 1(2): 123-125.
Ladokun, A.O., Longe, O.G. (2004): The effect of Replacing Groundnut cake in a Broiler diet with Cocoa bean meal on performance and Nitrogen retention. – The Journal of Animal Science (TJAS) 7(1): 91-97.
Meluzzi, A., Primiceri, G., Giordani, R., Fabris, G. (1992): Determination of blood constituents reference values in broilers. – Poultry Science 71(2): 337-345.
Meremikwu, V.N., Udedibie, A.B.I. (2007): The performance of finisher-broilers under subsistence free range system of production. – Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 34(2): 226-232.
Mitruka, B.M., Rawnsley, H.M. (1977): Clinical Biochemical and Haematological Reference Values in Normal Experimental Animals. – Masson Publisher 272p.
Okah, U. (2004): Effect of dietary replacement of maize with maize processing waste on the performance of starter broiler chicks. – In Proc. 9th Ann. Conf. Anim. Sci. Ass. of Nig.(ASAN) 4p.
Olomu, J.M. (2003): Poultry Production. – A Jachem Publication 320p.
Onifade, A., Tewe, O.O. (1993): Alternative tropical energy feed resources in rabbit diets: growth performance, diet's digestibility and blood composition. – World Rabbit Science 1(1): 17-24.
Ross, J.G., Christie, G., Halliday, W.G., Jones, R.M. (1978): Haematological and blood chemistry" comparison values" for clinical pathology in poultry. – The Veterinary Record 102(2): 29-31.
Schalm, O.W., Jain, N.C., Caroll, E.J. (1975): Veterinary Haemtology. – Lea and Febiger 807p.
Swenson, M.J. (1970): Physiologic properties, cellular and chemical constituents of blood. – Dukes’ Physiology of Domestic Animals, Cornell University Press 8p.
Ubosi, C.O. (1988): Evaluation of three anti-stress, supplements in combating heat stress in the sahelian zone of Nigeria. – Journal of Arid Agriculture 1: 37-45.
Ugherughe, P.O., Ekedolum, P.A. (1986): Pasture and rangeland potentials of Borno state. – Annals of Borno 3: 179-192.
Vo, K.V., Boone, M.A., Johnston, W.E. (1978): Effect of three lifetime ambient temperatures on growth, feed and water consumption and various blood components in male and female Leghorn chickens. – Poultry Science 57(3): 798-803.
Walugembe, M. (2013): The effect of high and low dietary fiber diets on the performance of two lines of chickens with divergent growth rates. – Iowa State University 95p.
Yeh, S.J.C., Leveille, G.A. (1972): Cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in chicks fed different levels of protein. – The Journal of Nutrition 102(3): 349-357.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 JAMES NNAEMEKA OBIENYEM, JOSEPH UCHECHI IGWEBUIKE, REMIGIUS OBINNA EZEBO, CHINWENDU NJIDEKA OZOH, JACINTA NWAKAEGO OMUMUABUIKE, CHARLES AMAECHI UBA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
